Bilingual-Bicultural Approach in Schools - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 463 Downloads: 4 Date added: 2019/10/30 Category Education Essay Level High school Tags: Bilingual Education Essay Did you like this example? An educational philosophy known as, Bilingual-Bicultural approach in ASL and English, began to emerge in schools during the late 1980s in the United States and in other countries such as Denmark (Hansen, 1994) and Sweden (Svartholm, 2010). The ASL/English bilingual-bicultural approach aim to support academic success and provide education to DHH students that emphasizes various language abilities. In other words, this model promotes the development of ASL as a medium for acquiring English literacy skills (Hoffmeister Caldwell, 2014). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Bilingual-Bicultural Approach in Schools" essay for you Create order Bilingualâ€Å"bicultural philosophy argues that acquiring sign language as their first language can influence acquisition of reading skills. Cummins (1981) proposes a theory of Linguistic Interdependence which also argues that acquiring sign language as a first language can influence acquisition of reading skills as many literature show there is a correlation between ASL and English skills (Hermans, Knoors, Ormel, Verhoeven, 2008; Hoffmeister, 2000; Padden Ramsey, 1998, 2000; Strong Prinz, 1997; Israelite et al., 1992; Rodda, Cumming, Fewer, 1993). Lange, Lane-Outlaw, Lange, and Sherwood (2013) examined DHH students whom were exposed to the model for at least 4 years and compared academic growth, using the Northwest Evaluation Associations Measure of Academic Progress Literacy assessment, among a nationally normed group consisting mostly hearing students. They found that students who attended Bi-Bi school for approximately 8 years caught up and outperformed the comparison group consisting of mostly hearing students. Similarly, Geeslin (2007) found that reading comprehensions and language subtests scores of DHH students between ages 13 to 18 years old significantly improved when their school introduced the bilingual approach as opposed to before school switched to the bilingual model. Several other additional studies have also shown support for bilingual programs promoting literacy growth and achievement in DHH students (Hrastinski Wilbur, 2016; Knoors Marschark, 2012; Mayer Akamatsu, 2003; Mayer Leigh, 2010). Current study In the current study, DHH students in our sample are educated in curricular areas using the ASL/English bilingual model. While other studies limited the inclusion criteria such as students must have had exposure to bilingual model for a minimum amount of years, this study will compare variability of students length of time they attended the bilingual school. The school psychology team, over the years, have stored all academic assessments and school records in their archrivals. For researchers, an archival database like this offers a unique method for studying and collecting secondary data. This study will use archrival longitudinal data to investigate progress of DHH students academic achievements, particularly in the Measures of Academic Progress (MAP) in English literacy. The MAP is a research-based assessment system administered to nearly 10 million students from more than 7,400 school systems (MAP fact sheet PDF). These assessments are important for teachers because they can trac k growth in basic skills and see where students strengths and weaknesses are in specific subject areas. Teachers use these assessment reports to help them develop instruction plans.

Exploring The Power And Purpose Behind Choice Writing

Topic Title: Exploring the Power and Purpose Behind Choice Writing in Kindergarten 2. WHY: Post Title: Working With Young Writers: Examining Best Practices Message: Kids using the Writing Workshop approach learn and refine specific skills they apply during independent workshop time. When teaching to support and develop independent writers, we want kids to build enduring connections that they can apply when they write†¦beyond the workshop. We want them to own understandings of conventions and the potential of written text and use their skills when writing to communicate and think. Self-selected and self-driven writing opportunities create the space for this sort of application. Research shows that skills taught, practiced, and tested in†¦show more content†¦CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.A Capitalize the first word in a sentence and the pronoun I CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.B Recognize and name end punctuation. CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.C Write a letter or letters for most consonant and short-vowel sounds (phonemes). CCSS.ELA-LITERACY.L.K.2.D Spell simple words phonetically, drawing on knowledge of sound-letter relationships. ISTE Standards: Students use digital media and environments to communicate and work collaboratively, including at a distance, to support individual learning and contribute to the learning of others. Interact, collaborate, and publish with peers, experts, or others employing a variety of digital environments and media Communicate information and ideas effectively to multiple audiences using a variety of media and formats Students demonstrate creative thinking, construct knowledge, and develop innovative products and processes using technology. Apply existing knowledge to generate new ideas, products, or processes Create original works as a means of personal or group expression 3. What: Inviting kids to write during choice time and spare moments Message: Young students in the classroom can use their choice time/free time to write, paint, and design. Many students choose to write about thematic studies, others gravitate toward journal writing, and some want to capture moments from field trips or retell favorite pieces

Workplace Health Medicare

Question: Discuss about the Workplace Healthfor Medicare. Answer: Introduction As a small healthcare organization, yet an emerging one in the industry, Medicare has emerged to be an organization that has gained much popularity in Australia. However, it has been observed that the organization does not have an effective management of the health and security policies at workplace that is not only demotivating the employees, but has been highly responsible for the potential risks of injuries of the workers and the ill health condition of the same. Hence, the organization has decided to take up necessary steps required for the adoption and the effective management of the workplace health and safety policies at Medicare. First of all, while formulating the workplace policies of the organization, the health and safety policies as dictated by the Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) will be taken into consideration. The Workplace Health and Safety Act of Australia mandate the importance of the business leaders to ensure a series of workplace safety policies that ensure the health and well-being of the employees (Swift et al., 2014). The regulations of the WHS authorities will be first of all taken into consideration, for identifying and assessing the workplace hazards of Medicare, such as noise, machinery or even manual handling. After identifying the risks, and evaluating the obligations of the organization towards the well-being of its employees, the risk policies will be formulated. Next, the formulated risk policies will be communicated with the respective stakeholders that will primarily consist of the investors and the employees working under each department of the organization. As far as the inv estors and the managerial group of stakeholders are concerned, periodical meetings and interactive sessions will be arranged for communicating the importance of a healthcare organization to comply with the WHS Act of 2004 (Talbot, 2016). These meetings and interactive session will help in encouraging the active and enthusiastic participation of the stakeholders, especially the investors, in the implementation of the workplace procedures. Again, once the formulated policies for assessing and eliminating workplace risks are being approved for implementation by the higher authority, the next step should be to communicate the policies to the respective employees. Hence, group sessions as well as rounds of practical demonstration will be organized for creating awareness among the employees regarding the potential risks at workplace, and the means of avoiding the same. It is not sufficient to make the employees aware about the policies to be implemented, it is also important to check their level of comprehension by asking them about the implication of the risk policies or asking them to identify the important equipments. Once the workplace health and safety records are being collected, the records must be properly filed as well as arranged for ensuring convenient access in future. The workplace health and safety records may be stored locally in a specific file or folder, or may be stored electronically in the form of a hardcopy, but wherever these are stored, the records must follow a sequential numeric or alphabetical series for storage (Reese, 2015). As per the legal requirements of the WHS records handling guidelines, the records will be stored or granted access. The workplace health and safety policies must be regularly reviewed so as to ensure that the policies are effectively followed at workplace, as well as to incorporate new policies for newly identified risks. For reviewing the policies, the health and safety representatives should be asked to participate in a one-to-one session, whereby they may be asked whether all the control measures are working properly, or if the introduction of new methods, equipments or chemicals has made the job of the employees safer (Mogensen, 2015). In case the risks, especially the serious ones are still found to occur, the control measures of the same will be reviewed ad re-formulated. A mix of the consultation and participative methods for the identification of the health and safety requirements at the workplace should be adopted. First of all, as part of the consultation program, the organization should arrange seminars and workshops consisting of risk analysts and volunteers making the employees aware regarding the nature or impact of the potential risks at workplace. The toolbox talks will be the most effective here. On the other hand, as part of the participative method of consultation, the organization will consider the idea of sending regular newsletters via emails to make the employees aware about the existent policies of occupational safety, and asking them to provide suggestions on improving the same. For the effective resolution of workplace policies raised through consultation, Medicare must ensure that a particular health and workplace representative be chosen for resolving the risk or a hazard as soon as it is reported to occur. For the effective resolution of the hazard, the representative must understand the number of the employees affected by the risks, or who is responsible for overseeing the hazard (Bahr, 2014). The occupational health and safety plan is an integral part of the occupational health policies of the organization, and the same is being given as follows: The organization intends to identify and assess the impact of the occupational health risks, so as to ensure maximum well-being of the employees The health and safety policies intend to safeguard the lives of the stakeholders from any kind of potential risk or hazard at workplace, and must be strictly followed Medicare offers periodical training sessions to its employees for encouraging the personal development of the employees and the employees are expected to participate All the employees should follow the rules of the Workplace Safety Handbooks, as handed out to them on their joining date (Carayon et al., 2015). The information regarding the feedback should be communicated from the consultation to the employees, and hence the co-operation among the managers and the employees should be promoted. Once the views of the employees regarding the workplace health and safety are being considered, the managers should communicate back to the staffs regarding the decisions being made and the reason behind the same. In order to ensure that the record keeping is being done in a proper way the responsibility is to be assigned to a highly skilled manager or senior administrative officer, so that the records can be properly maintained as well as retained. For identifying the implications of the proposed changes, the workplace guidelines must be evaluated. Besides, a survey should be conducted on the employees to analyze the response of the employees regarding the workplace health and safety policies. The required knowledge and skills of the experts must involve a deep understanding of the hazard identification and elimination procedures, and a clear understanding of the WHS codes of workplace safety. It is important to train the employees of Medicare about the methods of identifying and analyzing the risks and hazards at workplace. The employees will have to compulsorily participate in the intensive training sessions that will help them understand the health risk assessment science in a comprehensive way (Qasim et al., 2014). Besides, the training sessions will also help to enlighten the students regarding the potential health consequences of each of the workplace hazards and the ways of resolving the risks. In the process of identifying and analyzing the risks, each of the stakeholders should be encouraged to participate. First of all, the investors must come up to invest in the important areas (such as the purchase of new equipments or preventive measures so that it can involve workplace risks, and may affect the well-being of the employees (Vieria et al., 2015). Again, the employees should be well-trained so that they can learn how to identify and eliminate potential risks. Again, since the process of upgrading the risk assessing skills of the employees is a two-way process, the managers should also be involved for motivating the employees. Reference List: Bahr, N. J. (2014).System safety engineering and risk assessment: a practical approach. CRC Press. Carayon, P., Hancock, P., Leveson, N., Noy, I., Sznelwar, L., Van Hootegem, G. (2015). Advancing a sociotechnical systems approach to workplace safetydeveloping the conceptual framework.Ergonomics,58(4), 548-564. Dickson-Swift, V., Fox, C., Marshall, K., Welch, N., Willis, J. (2014). What really improves employee health and wellbeing: Findings from regional Australian workplaces.International Journal of Workplace Health Management,7(3), 138-155. Forouzanfar, M. H., Alexander, L., Anderson, H. R., Bachman, V. F., Biryukov, S., Brauer, M., ... Cohen, A. (2015). GBD 2013 Risk Factors Collaborators. Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.Lancet,386(10010), 2287-323. Lim, S. S., Vos, T., Flaxman, A. D., Danaei, G., Shibuya, K., Adair-Rohani, H., ... Aryee, M. (2013). A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 19902010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010.The lancet,380(9859), 2224-2260. Mogensen, V. (2015).Worker safety under siege: labor, capital, and the politics of workplace safety in a deregulated world. Routledge. Qasim, M., Bashir, A., Anees, M. M., Ghani, M. U., Khalid, M., Hanan, F., Malik, J. (2014). Occupational Health, Safety and Risk Analysis in Large Scale Industry of Lahore.Bulletin of Energy Economics (BEE),2(4), 113-118. Reese, C. D. (2015).Occupational health and safety management: a practical approach. CRC press. Talbot, A. (2016). Work Health and Safety Act v Australian Border Force Act: Immigration detention workers caught in the crossfire.Precedent (Sydney, NSW), (135), 22. Vieira, E. M. A., da Silva, L. B., Silva, J. M. N. (2015). Analysis of occupational risks: A systematic review from Bayesian Networks tools.Occupational Safety and Hygiene III, 39.

Analysis of Fire and Ice by Robert Forst free essay sample

This article tries to analyze the unique features in structure, words, phonology, syntax and rhetoric in the poem of 40-Love by British poet Roger McGough in order to have a deeper understanding of the content and form of a poem. Keywords: McGough, 40-Love, Love, Style 1. Introduction It is well known that in a variety of literary genres, the form of poetry has been stressed most. Efforts have been exerted on the skillful combination of rhythm and structure to create numerous great works all over the world. Modern American poet E. E. Cummings (1884-1962) is a good case in point. He is famous for odd style, novel and unique form in the poetic world. His â€Å"l (a† has been regarded as the â€Å"the most elegant and beautiful structure of the literature created by Cummings†. (Kennedy, 1980). Therefore, his poems are renowned as â€Å"poem picture† or â€Å"visual poetry†, or the concrete poetry that we are quite familiar with. We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Fire and Ice by Robert Forst or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The features of it is that vivid visual images of words coming from irregular syllables, letters, punctuation, syntax, format and print strengthen the internal imagination of poetry, deepen the artistic conception, convey and enrich the connotation. (Abrams, 2005). Coincidentally, besides E. E. Cummings, contemporary British poet Roger McGough (1937- ) is another master in writing concrete poems. His 40-Love can be considered as one of the greatest concrete poems. McGough is the second of the three in Liverpool Group. The other two are Henry Adrian Henri and Patan Brian Patten. McGough, born in 1937, 5 years younger than Henry, is always in naughty mentality. His poems are full of secular fun and display more profound life from the perspective of a child. This article, from the viewpoint of stylistics, analyzes the features of structure, words, phonology, syntax and rhetoric in the poem of â€Å"40-Love† in order to gain a eeper understanding of this poem. 2. Stylistic Analysis Greek poet Simonides once said, â€Å"Poetry is the picture with sound while the pictures are the silent poems. † (Zhu, 2005). That is to say, the content of a poem must be combined with its form to achieve its perfection, namely, the combination of form and spirit, what we often cheris h. Here we will try to find how Mcgough do it in his â€Å"40-Love†. The poem tells that a middle-aged couple is playing tennis. Then they go home. But the net is still between them. It reflects the gap between middle-aged couples. I will quote the poem here to help to explain my opinion. 40-Love (Peng, 2000) middle couple tenwhen game and go the 118 aged playing nis the ends they home net Asian Social Science will be tween 2. 1 Structure still be – them June, 2009 As a whole, the poem has a total of 20 words. But the two words â€Å"tennis† and â€Å"between† are separated by hyphens to be symmetric in structure. The words in the poem are set in two sequences, like two sides of the couple. The middle blank or empty is like a net to separate the two. There are only two words in each line to symbolize the bouts of the ball. The title of 40-love, the top of the net, is right on the top of the poem, signifying the scoreboard. This poem looks like a tennis court with a net being used to separate the words. It is like a tennis game. This side serves and the other side hits back. Many bouts form the poem. The invisible net is like the barrier between the middle-aged couple. Even if they finish the tennis game, they still have the net, which still exists invisibly. However, it is this net that they can depend on to handle their marriage and have the responsibilities not to break the rules. There is a net in tennis and there are rules to obey. With the net, there are more difficulty and more interests. So, accordingly, more training and attention is a must. Imagining that, when playing tennis with no net or rules, people would feel difficult to last their games for longer period. In addition, only the letter of L of Love in the title is capitalized and the rest is de-capitalized, which shows that, to some extent, the couple has not been in the pursuit of the perfect details again, because love between the middle-aged couple has faded away. Furthermore, there is no punctuation in the whole poem, indicating that life of marriage is closed and uninteresting. Since there is no end, gap appears. 2. 2 Words The poet pays special attention to the words in the poem. First of all, the title â€Å"40-Love† one of interests embodied in the poem. The figure of 40 stands for the age of middle-aged people. And 40-Love is a scoring term in tennis. Tennis scoring is love, 15, 30 and 45 in sequence. Love here means zero. Three goals scores 40. No goals, no score. Thus, the title is of pun with two meanings. One refers to be 40-year-old love and the other is 3:0. Whether 40-year-old love is vain or not depends on attitudes of the two parties. Let come to two words of â€Å"middle† and â€Å"aged† in the first line. â€Å"Middle-aged† means people are in their midlife. The poet deliberately separates it to achieve the reunification of form and others. It also symbolizes that middle-aged husband and wife can not be integrated again. The two important words of â€Å"tennis† and â€Å"between† are placed in two vertical columns to get a metaphorical meaning that there is an invisible net in the emotional world of the man and the woman. They are not intimate any longer. Game in the fifth line can be referred as either play game or sport. The scoring in tennis competition is more complex. Tennis game has games and sets. In a game, those who win 15, 30 and 45 will get one point. And the player who gets 6 points will win one set. In the poem, the couple does not finish even one game and go home since they have a dee p estrangement. â€Å"Still† in the ninth line shows that the middle-aged husband and wife have ineffable anguish and can not get rid of their unpleasantness and gain relaxed though they make concessions as far as possible. 2. Phonology Words in the poem are basically monosyllabic. They are mechanical and boring to read and easy to suggest that the life of the couple is dull and lack of amenities. From the perspective of phonology, the short vowel such as /i/, is used for many times in the poem to leave the pressing impression to the readers to realize the urgent emotional crisis of the middle-aged couple. But there is slowness in the urgency. The diphthong /ei/ and / u/ are employed to slow down the speech rate and demonstrate that the middle-aged people have become calm and unhurried when dealing with things. Especially, the long vowel / i: / in â€Å"tween in the last line leaves enough time for the middle-aged couple in crisis to think over the issue. In addition, there are rhymes in the poem, such as, middle and couple, ten and when, game and they, go and home, will and still. Rhymes here give the readers boredom, and symbolize the dull life of the middle-aged couple. Moreover, the alliterations of be and be-, tween and them, make the two words close and imply that the middle-aged husband and wife still have the ties that can not be cut off although there is a gap between them. 2. Syntax For the convenience of analysis, I rearrange the order of the whole poem: middle aged couple playing ten-nis when the game ends and they go home the net will still be be-tween them. First of all, from the angle of tense, the plain and flat present tense, used from the beginning to the right end of the poem, indicates the dull or prosaic marriage life of the middle-aged couple. Nevertheless, â€Å"pla ying† is used unconventionally. If â€Å"plays† is used here, readers will know that the couple play tennis often rather than occasionally. There will be not much gap between them. Playing indicates that there is absence of regular communication between the husband and wife. It stresses that it is just at this moment that they are playing tennis. In sentence structure, there is a time adverb â€Å"when† to combine the sentence. As usual, however, there is no conjunction of â€Å"and† between the main clause and the subordinate clause. Thus â€Å"and† is added here to deliberately create a loose state, suggesting that there is no close contact between the husband and wife. And there should be an adversative conjunction of â€Å"but† in front of the next sentence â€Å"the net will still be be-tween them†. As we 119 Vol. 5, No. 6 Asian Social Science all know, an adversative conjunction word usually give people an unexpected, rising and falling impression. The word but is omitted here to inevitably imply that life of the middle-aged couple is no longer full of ups and downs, great happiness or sadness. 2. 5 figure of speech Poets often use figure of speech because, as Emily Dickinson once said, the mission of a poet is to speak the truth, but to put it in an implicit way in order to seize the readers interest and stimulate their imagination. In the poem of 40-love, the poet employs the figure of speech, e. g. metaphor. On the one hand, in form, the blank along the net is like a net to suggest the gap between the middle-aged couple. On the other hand, everyday life is like playing games. Everybody hit the ball to the others. Such routine game results in no passion at last. Moreover, in my opinion, the writing technique of understatement is employed in this poem. The tone of the whole poem is calm, without any fluctuating. However, it is the deliberate understatement that discloses the theme of the poem incisively and vividly. . Conclusion This poem written by McGouph with unique style has rich connotation in its unique form. In this poem with perfect combination of the spirit and form, the emotional gap of the middle-aged couple can be discerned and expressed by the stylistic techniques in the structure, words, phonology, syntax and figure of speech. In Mending Wall, a poem written by American poet Robert Frost, the neigh bor is intransigence and stubborn. Even at the last line of the poem, he still murmurs that good fences make good neighbors (GU, 2005). Every couple, therefore, especially the middle-aged couples, should pull the fence between them down, believing good communication makes good couples†. References Abrams, M H. (2005). A Glossary of Literary Terms. Beijing: Foreign language Teaching and Reasearch Press. Gu, Zhengkun. (2005). Treasury of Appreciating English Poems, Volume of Poetry. Kennedy, Richard S. (1980). Dreams in the Mirror: A Biography of EE Cummings. New York: Liveright. Peng, Yu. (2000). Two Concrete Poems. College English. Zhu, Guangqian. (2005). Poetics. Shanghai Century Publishing Group. 120

USS Hornet (CV-8) in World War II

USS Hornet (CV-8) in World War II USS Hornet (CV-8) was a Yorktown-class aircraft carrier that entered service with the U.S. Navy in 1941. The last ship of its class, Hornet earned famed in April 1942 when Lieutenant Colonel Jimmy Doolittle launched his famed raid on Japan from the carriers deck. Less than two months later, it took part in the stunning American victory at the Battle of Midway. Ordered south in the summer of 1942, Hornet commenced operations to aid Allied forces during the Battle of Guadalcanal. In September, the carrier was lost at the Battle of Santa Cruz after sustaining several bomb and torpedo hits. Its name was carried on by a new USS Hornet (CV-12) which joined the fleet in November 1943. Construction Commissioning The third and final Yorktown-class aircraft carrier, USS Hornet was ordered on March 30, 1939. Construction began at the Newport News Shipbuilding Company that September. As work progressed, World War II commenced in Europe though the United States elected to remain neutral. Launched on December 14, 1940, Hornet was sponsored by Annie Reid Knox, wife of Secretary of the Navy Frank Knox. Workers completed the ship later the following year and on October 20, 1941, Hornet was commissioned with Captain Marc A. Mitscher in command. Over the next five weeks, the carrier conducted training exercises off the Chesapeake Bay. USS Hornet (CV-8) underway in Hampton Roads, VA, October 1941. National Archives and Record Administration   World War II Begins With the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor on December 7, Hornet returned to Norfolk and in January had its anti-aircraft armament substantially upgraded. Remaining in the Atlantic, the carrier conducted tests on February 2 to determine if a B-25 Mitchell medium bomber could fly from the ship. Though the crew was perplexed, the tests proved successful. On March 4, Hornet departed Norfolk with orders to sail for San Francisco, CA. Transiting the Panama Canal, the carrier arrived at Naval Air Station, Alameda on March 20. While there, sixteen U.S. Army Air Forces B-25s were loaded onto Hornets flight deck. USS Hornet (CV-8) Nation: United StatesType: Aircraft CarrierShipyard: Newport News Shipbuilding Drydock CompanyLaid Down: September 25, 1939Launched: December 14, 1940Commissioned: October 20, 1941Fate: Sunk October 26, 1942SpecificationsDisplacement: 26,932 tonsLength: 827 ft., 5 in.Beam: 114 ft.Draft: 28 ft.Propulsion: 4 Ãâ€" Parsons geared steam turbines, 9 Ãâ€" Babcock Wilcox boilers, 4 Ãâ€" shaftsSpeed: 32.5 knotsRange: 14,400 nautical miles at 15 knotsComplement: 2,919 menArmament8 Ãâ€" 5 in. dual purpose guns, 20 Ãâ€" 1.1 in., 32 Ãâ€" 20 mm anti-aircraft cannonsAircraft90 aircraft Doolittle Raid Receiving sealed orders, Mitscher put to sea on April 2 before informing the crew that the bombers, led by Lieutenant Colonel Jimmie Doolittle, were intended for a strike on Japan. Steaming across the Pacific, Hornet united with Vice Admiral William Halseys Task Force 16 which was centered on the carrier USS Enterprise (CV-6). With Enterprises aircraft providing cover, the combined force approached Japan. On April 18, the American force was spotted by the Japanese vessel No. 23 Nitto Maru. Though the enemy vessel was quickly destroyed by the cruiser USS Nashville, Halsey and Doolittle were concerned that it had sent a warning to Japan. B-25 takes off from USS Hornet (CV-8). National Archives Records Administration Still 170 miles short of their intended launch point, Doolittle met with Mitscher, Hornets commander, to discuss the situation. Emerging from the meeting, the two men decided to launch the bombers early. Leading the raid, Doolittle took off first at 8:20 a.m. and was followed by the rest of his men. Reaching Japan, the raiders successfully struck their targets before flying on to China. Due to the early departure, none possessed the fuel to reach their intended landing strips and all were forced to bail out or ditch. Having launched Doolittles bombers, Hornet and TF 16 immediately turned and steamed for Pearl Harbor. Midway After a brief stop in Hawaii, the two carriers departed on April 30 and moved south to support USS Yorktown (CV-5) and USS Lexington (CV-2) during the Battle of the Coral Sea. Unable to reach the area in time, they diverted towards Nauru and Banaba before returning to Pearl Harbor on May 26. As before, the time in port was short as the Commander-in-Chief of the Pacific Fleet, Admiral Chester W. Nimitz ordered both Hornet and Enterprise to block a Japanese advance against Midway. Under the guidance of Rear Admiral Raymond Spruance, the two carriers were later joined by Yorktown. With the beginning of the Battle of Midway on June 4, all three American carriers launched strikes against the four carriers of Vice Admiral Chuichi Nagumos First Air Fleet. Locating the Japanese carriers, the American TBD Devastator torpedo bombers began attacking. Lacking escorts, they suffered heavily and Hornets VT-8 lost all fifteen of its aircraft. The sole survivor of the squadron was Ensign George Gay who was rescued after the battle. With the battle progressing, Hornets dive bombers failed to find the Japanese, though their compatriots from the other two carriers did with stunning results. In the course of the fighting, Yorktowns and Enterprises dive bombers succeeded in sinking all four Japanese carriers. That afternoon, Hornets aircraft attacked the supporting Japanese vessels but with little effect. Two days later, they aided in sinking the heavy cruiser Mikuma and badly damaging the heavy cruiser Mogami. Returning to port, Hornet spent much of the next two months being overhauled. This saw the carriers anti-aircraft defenses further augmented and the installation of a new radar set. Departing Pearl Harbor on August 17, Hornet sailed for the Solomon Islands to aid in the Battle of Guadalcanal. Battle of Santa Cruz Arriving in the area, Hornet supported Allied operations and in late September briefly was the only operational American carrier in the Pacific after the loss of USS Wasp (CV-7) and damage to USS Saratoga (CV-3) and Enterprise. Joined by a repaired Enterprise on October 24, Hornet moved to strike a Japanese force approaching Guadalcanal. Two days later saw the carrier engaged in the Battle of Santa Cruz. In the course of the action, Hornets aircraft inflicted severe damage on the carrier Shokaku and heavy cruiser Chikuma USS Hornet under attack during the Battle of Santa Cruz, 1942. US Naval History Heritage Command These successes were offset when Hornet was struck by three bombs and two torpedoes. On fire and dead in the water, Hornets crew began a massive damage control operation which saw the fires brought under control by 10:00 a.m. As Enterprise was also damaged, it began to withdraw from the area. In an effort to save Hornet, the carrier was taken under tow by the heavy cruiser USS Northampton. Only making five knots, the two ships came under attack from Japanese aircraft and Hornet was hit by another torpedo. Unable to save the carrier, Captain Charles P. Mason ordered abandon ship. After attempts to scuttle the burning ship failed, the destroyers USS Anderson and USS Mustin moved in and fired over 400 five-inch rounds and nine torpedoes into Hornet. Still refusing to sink, Hornet was finally finished off after midnight by four torpedoes from the Japanese destroyers Makigumo and Akigumo which had arrived in the area. The last U.S. fleet carrier lost to enemy action during the war, Hornet had only been commission one year and seven days.

Critically analyse the requirements for protecting the shape of a Essay

Critically analyse the requirements for protecting the shape of a product as a registered trademark and as a registered design u - Essay Example Critically Analyse the Requirements for Protecting the Shape of a Product as a Registered Trademark and as a Registered Design under EU Law By Student Name Course Institute Date Introduction Intellectual property rights protection and enforcement are usually left to national laws of the EU member states. However, as a result of the common market principles, the EU has increasingly harmonized intellectual property protection and enforcement. ... n the Regulation relative to the Community designs as they have direct effect in the Community whereas Directives provide the content that Member states are required to implement into law.11 However, since a number of important cases were decided under the EC Directive on the harmonization of trademarks, the EC Directive and Regulation will be discussed relative to the EU’s trade mark law and protection of shapes. This paper will be divided into two main parts. The first main part of this paper will discuss and analyse the EC Regulation and Directive and case law relative to the registered protection of shapes as a registered design. The second main part of this paper will discuss and analyse EC Regulation and Directive and case law relative to the registered protection of shapes as a registered. The Requirements for Protection of Shapes as Registered Design By definition a design is a â€Å"legal instrument† that provides protection for â€Å"creations that take the f orm of the external shape of products or of parts of products†.12 However, in order to be a registered design and to be accorded Community protection, the shape must be â€Å"new† and have â€Å"individual character†.13 Even where the shape is new and has individual character, and forms part of a design, it must be â€Å"visible during normal use†.14 Normal use is defined as â€Å"use by the end user,† and does not include â€Å"maintenance, servicing or repair work†.15 The visibility rule is obviously meant to ensure that any part of the design or any shape to which protection is sought as a registered design, must be seen by those who use the product. After all, one of the main functions of intellectual property protection is to prevent imitations and free riding off the reputation and labour of another.16

Transforming the Enterprise with IT Phase 2 Individial Project Essay

Transforming the Enterprise with IT Phase 2 Individial Project - Essay Example Every single second we came across new technology, new inventions and of course innovations i.e. existing with new add-ons. This was the basic introduction. Let’s turn the pages to enterprise. What is an enterprise? Or in others words define ‘enterprise’? Quite a puzzling question. But the only answer is- â€Å"Enterprise may be defined as the place where all the W’s are fully sorted and compatible with each other i.e. What, How, Where, Who, When and Why and some groups of Visionary, Owner, Designer, Builder, Implementer and Worker are brought up together to give a holistic view of enterprise.† Now let us walk to the way of IT (Information Technology), an ace up your sleeve. â€Å"Information technology has ballooned to encompass many aspects of computing and technology, and the term is more recognizable than ever before. The information technology umbrella can be quite large, covering many fields. IT professionals perform a variety of duties that range from installing applications to designing complex computer networks and information databases. A few of the duties that IT professionals perform may include data management, networking, engineering computer hardware, database and software design, as well as the management and administration of entire systems.† IT can be best viewed as the â€Å"use of computers for designing, developing, implementing, supporting and managing information system.† Enterprise is like a container (tumbler) which holds the IT in it .It is a shell (enterprise) in which pearl (IT) is safe, growing and increasing day-by-day and the hardware& software used is its shine. This would result in e-business (online business), B2B (business to business), B2C (business to customers) and B2E (business to employees) solutions. The main key to success of any organization is business intelligence. One should have a thorough knowledge of business intelligence. But